Illusory contours

Illusory contours or subjective contours are a form of visual illusion where contours are perceived without a luminance or color change across the contour. Friedrich Schumann discovered illusory contours.[1]

Contents

Examples

A classic example of illusory contours is the Kanizsa triangle[2], named after the psychologist Gaetano Kanizsa. This figure comprises three black circles with equal wedges cut out of them facing the center point and three black angles on a white background. But many observers see a white triangle on top of three black disks and an outline triangle. The white triangle appears brighter than the white background and shows a contour even in regions where there is no luminance change in the image.

The Ehrenstein illusion is another example form of illusory contour.

Explanation

It is thought that early visual cortical regions such as V2 are responsible for forming illusory contours.[3]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Schumann, F (1900), "Beiträge zur Analyse der Gesichtswahrnehmungen. Erste Abhandlung. Einige Beobachtungen über die Zusammenfassung von Gesichtseindrücken zu Einheiten.", Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane 23: 1–32 
  2. ^ Kanizsa, G (1955), "Margini quasi-percettivi in campi con stimolazione omogenea.", Rivista di Psicologia 49 (1): 7–30 
  3. ^ von der Heydt, R; Peterhans, E; Baumgartner, G (1984), "Illusory contours and cortical neuron responses", Science 244 (4654): 1260–1262, doi:10.1126/science.6539501, PMID 6539501 

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